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Demographic Description Of Brindlee Mountain Middle School...

Demographic Description Brindlee Mountain Middle School is a small rural school in Marshall County Alabama located within eight miles of Guntersville, Alabama and Arab, Alabama. BMMS was constructed sixteen years ago to consolidate Grassy and Union Grove junior high schools. This consolidation led to the reorganization of Grassy and Union Grove into elementary schools serving grades kindergarten through fourth grade. In 2004 Brindlee Mountain High School was created, followed by another reorganization of Grassy and Union Grove elementary schools into a primary school serving grades kindergarten through second grade and an elementary school serving grades three through five. In 2011, Union Grove and Grassy schools underwent another transformation when they were renamed Brindlee Mountain Primary School and Brindlee Mountain Elementary School respectively. These changes successfully created the Brindlee Mountain feeder pattern. Brindlee Mountain Middle School is a county school loca ted within eight miles of Guntersville, Alabama and Arab, Alabama. The close proximity to these city school systems and employment opportunities in nearby Huntsville, Alabama impact community identity. Prior to the creation of Brindlee Mountain Middle and High School, students from Grassy and Union Grove Junior High School (including most of the parents and grandparents of current students) were forced to attend high school at either Guntersville or Arab because of the lack of a county highShow MoreRelatedDemographics And Problem Of County School System1565 Words   |  7 Pages Assignment 2: Demographics and Problem Description AEL 638 By: William Ballew Date: 6/25/06 Demographics: Marshall County School System: Marshall County Schools are located in Marshall County, Alabama. The county is surrounded by Madison and Jackson Counties to the north, Morgan County to the west, Cullman, Blount, and Etowah Counties to the south, and DeKalb County to the east. The majority of the schools are found in heavily populated rural areas. Marshall County

The National Rifle Association Essay Example For Students

The National Rifle Association Essay Category:Social issuesPaper Title:nrsText:The National Rifle AssociationUnion veterans Col. William C. Church and Gen. George Wingate formed theNational Rifle Association (NRA) in 1871. The primary goal of the associationwas to promote and encourage rifle shooting on a scientific basis,according to a magazine editorial written by Church. After being granted a charter by the state of New York on November 17, 1871,the NRA was founded. Civil War Gen. Ambrose Burnside, who was also the formergovernor of Rhode Island and a U.S. Senator, became the NRAs first president. The NRAs interest in promoting the shooting sports among Americas youthbegan in 1903 when NRA Secretary Albert S. Jones urged the establishment ofrifle clubs at all major colleges, universities and military academies. By 1906,NRAs youth program was in full swing with more than 200 boys competing inmatches at Sea Girt that summer. Today, youth programs are still a cornerstoneof the NRA, with more than one million youth participating in NRA shootingsports events and affiliated programs with groups such as 4-H, the Boy Scouts ofAmerica, the American Legion, U.S. Jaycees and others. In 1956, NRA became the only national trainer of law enforcement officerswith the introduction of its NRA Police Firearms instructor certificationprogram in 1960. Today, there are more than 10,000 NRA-certified police andsecurity firearms instructors. Additionally, top law enforcement shooterscompete each year in eight different pistol and shotgun matches at the NationalPolice Shooting Championships held in Jackson, Mississippi. In 1990, the NRA made a dramatic move to ensure that the financial supportfor firearms-related activities would be available now and for futuregenerations. Establishing the NRA Foundation, a 501 (c) (3) tax-exemptorganization, provided a means to raise millions of dollars to fund gun safetyand educational projects of benefit to the general public. Contributions to theFoundation are tax-deductible and benefit a variety of American constituencies,including youths, women, hunters, competitive shooters, gun collectors, lawenforcement agents and persons with physical disabilities. While widely recognized today as a major political force and as Americasforemost defender of Second Amendment rights, the NRA has, since its inception,been the premier firearms education organization in the world. But our successeswould not be possible without the tireless efforts and countless hours ofservice our nearly three million members have given to champion Second Amendmentrights and support NRA programs. Social Issues

Preventative Education for the diabetic patient free essay sample

Moving Toward Preventative Education in the Diabetic Patient Chronic illnesses affect patients in all age groups in all of the ethnical and socioeconomic groups within the United States (Cohen Cesta, 2005). The treatment and management of a chronic illness is a life-long task for the patient, the caregiver, and healthcare provider. The patient and caregiver need to understand the illness, how to manage the disease at home, but most importantly how to prevent further complications of the illness. Nurse case managers influence the disease process through the sharing of their knowledge, providing community based resources, and the relationships that are formed with the patient (Cohen Cesta, 2005). The purpose of this paper is to describe how the nurse and healthcare organizations can provide supportive and preventative patient care to educate the patient with diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic illness that affects over 25 million American children and adults (American Diabetes Association [ADA], 2011). We will write a custom essay sample on Preventative Education for the diabetic patient or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There are many complications that accompany this disease such as, heart disease, stroke, hypertension, kidney failure, hearing loss, blindness, neuropathy, skin conditions, and amputation (ADA, 2011). Diabetes is a chronic illness that has a substantial impact on the cost of healthcare. It is estimated that in 2007, 174 billion dollars was spent on patients with the diagnosis of diabetes (ADA, 2011). Two out of three individuals with diabetes will die from heart disease or a stroke (ADA, 2011). The path that diabetes takes is different in each individual but the education and preventative measures for the disease should be available to all patients in order to prevent the progression and debilitation that it can cause. Nurse case- managers help the chronically ill patient to move along the healthcare system and in the process provide education, quality healthcare, and cost effective healthcare management (Cohen Cesta, 2005). Changes Needed from Supportive Care to Preventative Care and Education Diabetes care has shifted from the hospital setting to the outpatient clinic setting, with the primary care physician leading the plan of care (Greisiner et al. , 2004). This setting often includes the registered nurse, the dietitian, the pharmacist, or a certified diabetes educator (Greisiner et al. , 2004). Preventative healthcare should be initiated with the patient’s encounter with the primary care physician and support staff. The primary care physician and the nurse have the opportunity to educate, encourage, and perform preventative health screening tests on a regular basis. The Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS) measures are used to improve patient outcomes, lower healthcare costs, and provide education to the consumers of healthcare plans (National Committee for Quality Assurance [NCQA], 2011). Comprehensive diabetes care is a preventative measure that includes hemoglobin A1C monitoring twice a year, an annual lipid panel, urine screening for micro-albumin, podiatry care, an eye exam, and blood pressure monitoring (NCQA, 2011). Many patients are given the diagnosis of diabetes but need guidance and education as to what encompasses the disease process. The nurse case manager has the opportunity to assess the patient’s knowledge on the disease process and also the life style behaviors that affect the progression and path of the disease. The nurse can then set up the educational format to meet the patient and care giver needs (Boehler, Hardesty, Gonzales, Kasnetz, 2009). Patient education should focus on medication knowledge and compliance, dietary modifications, interventions that can be done at home when signs and symptoms of hypo and hyperglycemia are present, the importance of skin monitoring, specifically the feet, why the annual eye exam is recommended, the purpose of testing the urine for micro-albumin, and the annual lipid panel (NCQA, 2011). The nurse case manager can educate the patient on blood pressure management and the importance of not only compliance with diabetes medication, but also with anti-hypertensive medication. Blood pressure control in the diabetic patient is important for decreasing the risk of developing other risk factors such as heart disease and stroke. Providing education on each component of diabetic preventative care is an effective way to treat the patient and keeps the patient involved in the plan of care (Greisinger et al. , 2004). The Benefits to Supportive Care The HEDIS measures are a great starting point for nurses to educate, plan, and develop relationships with patients and families to promote health maintenance and supportive nursing care. The nurse case manager coordinates the plan of care to ensure education, support, the opportunity for community resources, and works to increase outcomes in a resourceful and cost effective manner (Cohen Cesta, 2005). The benefits to care management in the diabetic patient include better glycemic control, goals to achieve a  healthy weight status, a decrease in hospital utilization, a decrease in associated illnesses, an increase in diabetic education attendance, and a better understanding of the disease process (Greisinger et al. , 2004). Providing continuity in the care of the diabetic patient with nurse care management provides the patient with a contact to confide in and a resource in the path to managing their disease. The Case Management Theories, Concepts and Strategies. An interdisciplinary system of case management is essential when coordinating the care for a patient with diabetes. Managing the care of a diabetic patient requires the skill and knowledge of various disciplines. The interdisciplinary team can work together to maximize resources that are available to the patient and family (Cohen Cesta, 2005). The clinicians can coordinate their efforts to build a plan of care that unites all necessary resources to support the patient and their journey through the healthcare system (Cohen Cesta, 2005). The Sierra Health Services plan is a care management program that began with the philosophy of encouraging the healthcare providers, the patients, and the insurers to work together to achieve positive patient outcomes (Hillegass, Smith, Phillips, 2002). The philosophy also included that care management is imperative to provide quality healthcare in a cost efficient manner (Hillegass et al. , 2002). The goal of the Sierra Health Services plan consisted of providing continuity of care in a safe and cost effective manner in order to move the patient through the healthcare continuum (Hillegass et al., 2002). This organization was successful in building a care management system for the population with a chronic illness. The organization looked at the population with a chronic illness in regards to their medical needs, their socio-economic status, their functional status, and how they viewed their disease process (Hillegass et al. , 2002). This was needed to determine the type of care management program that was needed with in their organization. The Sierra Health System refined the program and began to assess the chronically ill for home care services. This process included screening the patient for knowledge of their disease, medication knowledge and compliance, physical signs and symptoms of the disease, nutritional status, social support, home safety, functional mobility, and if community resources were involved (Hillegass et al. , 2002). This healthcare system allowed nurses to manage patient care in a collaborative effort that promoted patient independence and compliance with health care prevention as a leading step in providing quality cost effective care. Knowledge and Insights to Provide Diabetic Prevention and Education Providing community care management for the patient with diabetes requires the efforts of many disciplines within the healthcare community. The nurse case manager can provide education and resources but it is a community effort to streamline services for a chronically ill patient with diabetes. The most helpful intervention for the diabetic patient is the establishment of the therapeutic relationship with the nurse case manager. This relationship can serve as the access point in and out of the healthcare environment with the opportunity for the patient to receive education, community services, psychosocial support, nutritional education, and routine medical care. An important aspect of diabetic case management is the ability to engage the patient in their plan of care to promote compliance, improve health status outcomes, and decrease healthcare costs (Cohen Cesta, 2004). Summary Nurse case managers are crucial members of the healthcare team in the assessment, planning, and implementation of a patient education and a preventative health maintenance program. Nurse case managers serve as the gate keepers in the process of teaching, seeking out available resources, and coordinating the interdisciplinary approach to community case management. The patient with diabetes requires multiple community resources to maintain their optimal level of well- being, to decrease the risk of disease related complications and to decrease the incidence of hospitalization. The goals set forth for the diabetic patient and a healthcare organization are to improve quality of life with cost saving processes (MacKinnon-Schifalacqua, O’Hearn, Schmidt, 2004).

// Maxims Config (aka BananaGaming) Essays - Computing, Alias, BIND

// Maxim's Config (aka BananaGaming) // When you type "//" the game ignores whatever is written after con_enable "1" //Enables Console cl_clanid 7238336 //Use Steam Group Tag "Go Bananas" echo Config Loaded! (1/2) //This confirms that the config has been loaded // Crosshair - Single Yellow Dot Instead of Crosshair (2017-05-04) // Made with Crashz Crosshair Generator cl_crosshair_drawoutline "1" cl_crosshair_dynamic_maxdist_splitratio "0.35" cl_crosshair_dynamic_splitalpha_innermod "1" cl_crosshair_dynamic_splitalpha_outermod "0.5" cl_crosshair_dynamic_splitdist "7" cl_crosshair_outlinethickness "1.000000" cl_crosshair_sniper_show_normal_inaccuracy "0" cl_crosshair_sniper_width "2" cl_crosshairalpha "100.000000" cl_crosshaircolor "5" cl_crosshaircolor_b "0" cl_crosshaircolor_g "255" cl_crosshaircolor_r "255" cl_crosshairdot "1" cl_crosshairgap "-4.000000" cl_crosshairgap_useweaponvalue "0" cl_crosshairscale "0" cl_crosshairsize "0.500000" cl_crosshairstyle "4" cl_crosshairthickness "1.000000" cl_crosshairusealpha "1" cl_fixedcrosshairgap "3" // Viewmodels - Viewmodel Settings viewmodel_offset_x "1" //Changes viewmodel view in X scale viewmodel_offset_y "2" //Changes viewmodel view in Y scale viewmodel_offset_z "-2" //Changes viewmodel view in Z scale viewmodel_fov "68" //Highest viewmodel FOV // Bob - How much you move around with weapons cl_bob_lower_amt "5" //How much the viewmodel lowers when running, set to lowest for less distraction cl_bobamt_lat "0.1" //How much the viewmodel moves side to side when running, set to lowest for less distraction cl_bobamt_vert "0.1" //How much the viewmodel moves up and down when running, set to lowest for less distraction cl_bobcycle "0.98" //The frequency at which the viewmodel bobs, set to default cl_viewmodel_shift_left_amt "0" //Removes shifting of arms cl_viewmodel_shift_right_amt "0" //Removes shifting of arms // Bindings - These bindings bind "v" "+voicerecord" //You can communicate with the V key instead of K bind "f1" "autobuy" //Autobuy weapons if you have lots of money with F1 bind f3 "buy flashbang; buy smokegrenade; buy molotov; buy hegrenade" //Buy flash & smoke with F3 bind "f4" "ignoremsg" //Ignore chat by turning off enemies, teams and both bind "f" "+lookatweapon" //Inspect your weapon with F bind "k" "say !r" //Used together with CKSurf plugin for Bhop, Surf & Kz bind "leftarrow" "+left" //Turn left with arrow key bind "rightarrow" "+right" //Turn right with arrow key unbind "i" //So you don't accidentally enable hud fade, which is very annoying // No Tutorial or Info Messages - Can give FPS BOOST and is also very annoying gameinstructor_enable "0" //Removes in game lessons cl_showhelp "0" //Removes on-screen help cl_autohelp "0" //Removes automatic help cl_disablefreezecam "1" //Disables Freezecam, very important to have off cl_disablehtmlmotd "1" //Removes "Message of the day" page when joining a server // Rates - These network settings are optimized for high speed internet rate "786432" //Max rates. Only use if you can get 8 Megabits per second (Mbps) download speed or more. //rate "250000" //Only use this if you can get 3.5 Megabits per second (Mbps) download speed or more. //rate "500000" //Only use this if you can get 5.5 Megabits per second (Mbps) download speed or more. cl_cmdrate "128" //Max number of command packets sent to server per second cl_updaterate "128" //Number of packets per second you are requesting from the server cl_interp_ratio "1" //Sets the interpolation amount (final amount is cl_interp_ratio / cl_updaterate) cl_interp "0" //Sets the interpolation amount, always set this to 0 cl_lagcompensation "1" //Lag compensation helps by eliminating combat latency from client side view cl_predict "1" //Skip waiting for server feedback and simulate client side movement in real-time cl_predictweapons "1" //Skip waiting for server feedback and perform client side prediction of weapon effects // Video - Brightness & Disabling TV Mode mat_monitorgamma "1.6" //Sets the Brightness to it's highest value, highly recommended mat_monitorgamma_tv_enabled "0" //Turn off TV Mode for less off-set light // Sound - Sound settings, doesn't affect volume in-game, adjust that yourself. voice_scale "0.4" //Turns down the volume of other players voice to 40% snd_musicvolume "0" //Turns off all music, easier to focus snd_use_hrtf 1 //Turn ON Head-Related Transfer Function // Net - How much frames you have and solid graph fps_max "300" //Map loads fast and allows high frames net_graph "1" //Shows my network usage data net_graphheight "0" //Changes height net_graphmsecs "400" //The latency graph represents this many milliseconds net_graphpos "2" //Positioning of Net Graph net_graphproportionalfont "0" //Makes font smaller net_graphshowinterp "1" //Shows interpolation value net_graphshowlatency "1" //Shows latency value net_graphsolid "1" //Solid Net Graph net_graphtext "1" //Shows text fields net_maxroutable "1200" //Requested max packet size before packets are 'split' net_scale "5" //Makes font smaller // Other r_drawtracers_firstperson "0" //Hides bullet tracers in first person view lobby_voice_chat_enabled "0" //Turns microphone off in lobby, really useful cl_use_opens_buy_menu "0" //Disables E from opening buy-menu, really useful mm_dedicated_search_maxping "50" //Maxping Search in Matchmaking cl_autowepswitch 0 //Don't auto-pick weapons func_break_max_pieces 0 //Less clutter from breaking vents (especially in Mirage) // Make sure mouse is using "Raw Input" & "No Acceleration" m_rawinput "1" //Enable Raw Input for perfect precision (Raw input is unavailable on OSX) m_mouseaccel2 "0" //Disables windows mouse acceleration initial threshold, safety precaution m_mouseaccel1 "0" //Disables windows mouse acceleration initial threshold, safety precaution m_customaccel "0" //Custom mouse acceleration disabled m_mousespeed "0"

Oedipus Rex1 essays

Oedipus Rex1 essays Knowledge is a great weapon used by society for help, comfort, and most importantly advancement of the human race. Unfortunately, knowledge is often accompanied by sorrow and grief. In the Greek tragedy Oedipus Rex Sophocles shows how Oedipuss thirst for the knowledge of his past leads to his own demise. Knowledge is not just given to the characters in the tragedy. Oedipus, sincerely and seriously, "must know it all, [and] see the truth at last"(1169). He also most know the percise truth, "what exactly"(1130) happened in his past. Oedipus feels that "The time has come to reveal this once for all"(1153) knowing completely the sorrow the truth may bring. He accepts that there may be grief following the truth shouting "Let it burst! Whatever will, whatever must!"(1183) knowing that the truth may be "something monstrus"(1181). Once Oedipus has been fed a morsel of truth he questions his wife, "What - give up now?, with a clue like this? Fail to solve the mystery of my birth? Not for the world!"(1162). Oedipus seals his own fate when he ask the chorus "Even if god had never urged you on to act, how could you leave the crime uncleansed for so long?"(293). Oedipus is not the only one to quest for knowledge. In the beginning the chorus wants to know "Whose ruthless bloody hands hav e done the work?"(530) and "Who is the man the voice of god denounces resounding out of the rocky gorge of Delphi?"(522). Jocasta, Oedipuss wife and mother, is also inquisitive before her moment of recognition. When a messenger from Oedipus's birth land comes to Thebes she ask, "What have you come for? Have you brought news?"(1021). We, like the characters of Oedipus Rex, are inquisitive even knowing that the truth sometimes can only bring sorrow to us and the ones we love. Almost every piece of information learned in Oedpius Rex leads t ...

English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 33

English - Essay Example This included food chemical flavoring, working conditions of beef industry and production of chicken and cattle. This section also takes a look on the dangers of meat consumption and the global interest of fast food in America as a cultural export (Schlosser 12). The assignment requires selection of one topic in the book explained above and its examination. In addition to that, the paper will craft an argument that will convince the readers to change the way they think, do things, or behavior as explained in the selected topic. In order to accomplish the requirements of the assignment, the paper is based on one topic â€Å"what we eat†. Fast food in America has become one of the most factors that drive the economy. At least over the last three decades, the American has been infiltrated by fast food. The fast food industry first began with the small quantity of fast food in the State of California. The influence of the industry has spread to every part of America and to a bigger extent all over the world. The industry is fulfilling the wants of its customers by processing a wide range of food stuffs with a purpose of reaching its market. The industry has taken a good distributing strategy where the food is being distributed in cafeterias, in school, bus stages and restaurants. The nation is known to spend more on fast food than what is spent in a combination of magazines, videos, newspapers, books and movies. According to Schlosser (2001), the fast food industry has a hygiene issue. One may find a person in the construction work just taking the packet of fast food without even washing their hands. People take the exercise of buying fast food as routine without any issue. However, fast food has a revolutionary force in the United States. The food is booth metaphor and a commodity to drive the economy of America. The influence of what people eat or do not is due to

Management - employee compensation and organization Essay

Management - employee compensation and organization - Essay Example 232). A manager has to create a balance between these two types of rewards so that it recognizes the employee's motivation. The manager shall not choose it for them. Qn.2 What is the relationship between an employee's salary and his or her feeling of worth Explain your rationale from the viewpoints of an employee and a manager. How can managers create a balance between the two Total words: 250 An employee feels that salary fulfills his basic need and also gives him a feeling of higher esteem (Buelens et al., 2006, Pg. 177-179). An employee views salary as compensation to his skill sets, experience etc. Whereas, a manager, if he is responsible for the cost location, feels that salary is a cost on the organisation. A manager has to set out a balance in providing a salary structure which would mirror the worthiness in the minds of the employee, without jeopardizing the interest of the organisation. In reality, compensation is the one which satisfies the needs of an employee, and it is within its boundaries develops the employee's worthiness. Qn.3 What type of compensation component would you like to have through your employer that is not currently offered Explain your rationale.

Quality improvement program Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Quality improvement program - Essay Example Normally, not all outpatient clinics are required to pass the Joint Commission Requirements for quality; nevertheless, VSA is necessitated to. Since the time of its launch where it first developed its quality control program until today, the Virginia Surgical Associates remains serious about meeting all Joint Commission Requirements such as the Environment of Care, which pertains to how safe, functional and efficient the environment for patients, staff, and other individuals is in the organization; Infection Prevention and Control: how well the clinic is able to lower down the risk of surgical patients acquiring infection; Rights of Individual, which evaluates the establishment of informed consent, participation in decision-making of patients, and services to respect patient’s rights, etc. (Joint Commission, 2014). But despite VSA’s strong commitment to maximize the quality of its services, it is still bending more attention to quality improvement that includes examinin g rates and complications and lab equipments such as ACT machine that s a point-of-care, blood clotting test used to monitor anticoagulation (Philip et al., 2008). The Virginia Surgical Associates is constantly developing its Quality Improvement Program to address these requisites. While healthcare quality measurement is developing, there are more things to take care of. The complicated environment of the healthcare industry makes quality program monitoring and implementation a lot more difficult. It is important that in revising and monitoring quality program implementation, new quality measures are developed in order to address rising issues within the healthcare industry. 1. Type of Care and Patient Engagement. The quality of the healthcare services can be monitored by the patient engagement with respect to the types of care being administered (Mainz,

Issues With Energy Conservation And Sustainability Environmental Sciences Essay

Issues With Energy Conservation And Sustainability Environmental Sciences Essay Traditional sources of energy (coal, natural gas, and nuclear power) consumption present a plethora of issues related to conservation and sustainability. From a conservation standpoint, a reliable access to reasonably priced energy has long been the lifeblood of developed societies. Growing populations in impoverished nations strive for this reliable access at equally low or even more reasonably priced levels. These levels must factor in use, generation, future demand, cultural issues, growth, and a variety of other concerns. Beyond conservation, sustainability issues are also complex. The generation and use of these reliable energy sources bring about sustainability concerns for climate change, acid rain, air pollution, oil spills, strip mining, hazardous waste generation, occupational diseases, radioactivity, and a variety of other adverse environmental consequences. This section will explore the current prevalent uses of energy and the conservation and sustainability issues related to them. In terms of energy consumption, each American consumes (demands) 6.5 gallons of oil per day to heat homes and run our electrical equipment. One means by which Americans can consume less is to make the existing consumption more efficient. Recent estimates indicate that approximately 1/3 of the energy consumed per day is wasted. Turning to the supply side of the equation, coal provides 52%, nuclear energy 20%, and natural gas 16% of the conventional energy usage in the United States. There is a lot of room for energy conservation that would not necessarily require compromising lifestyles. Demand-side management involves promoting techniques that increase energy efficiency. For example, driving 55 miles an hour, turning down the thermostat from 68 to 65, and implementing equipment that is more efficient would certainly enhance energy conservation measures while generating a comparable quality of service by using less energy, thereby freeing up supply. Supply-side management involves seeking new methodologies to provide reliable low priced energy sources to consumers. Problems are involved with both sides of the equation. Social and cultural norms must be modified, a difficult proposition indeed, to manage the demand side of the equation. The supply side of the equation is equally demanding. Most notably, coal used for electric power generation provides a reliable, readily accessible, and low priced fuel source. Yet, hand-in-hand with this economic advantage is the often-unrecognized social problems of air pollution, ecosystem disturbance, and contribution to climate change. Nuclear power, initially thought to be a more environmentally palatable alternative to coal and natural gas, does provide a comparable source from the supply side of the equation. Further, if pervasively implemented, it was believed to also satisfy most of the demand side of the equation. However, there are only about 110 plants operating in the United States and no new plants have been constructed since the mid-20th century. With such promise from both the supply and demand side of the equation, why has nuclear power failed to live up to its lofty expectations? The answer lies in the potentially adverse health, safety, and environmental problems and perceptions associated with nuclear power generation and use. Three primary problems accompany the use of nuclear power generation. These three concerns must be addressed before nuclear power can achieve its real potential. These problems include meltdowns, waste management, and terrorism. Further, the heavy governmental subsidies that were initially invested in nuclear power are no longer available. Moreover, heavy governmental subsidies have been replaced with even heavier governmental controls and regulation. The use of nuclear power represents a social gamble. Estimates of cancer-induced fatalities from meltdowns have ranged from zero (Three Mile Island) to 500,000 for Chernobyl. However, people die from coal generation and pollution. On a lives-lost-per-kilowatt hour basis, nuclear power stacks up equally well to coal production. Yet it is the perception of a potential loss that stacks the deck against nuclear power. In addition, disposal of high-level waste and low-level waste from these facilities, in tandem with the NIMBY philosophy toward waste disposal siting exacerbate an already difficult problem. Finally, the public perception that nuclear reactors could somehow become terrorist weapons, in conjunction with public distrust of scientific risk assessments, has facilitated the widespread perception that nuclear energy sources are unsafe. Natural gas is also thought to be a replacement for coal. It is undeniably safer to produce electricity for both than coal and nuclear power. Moreover, it is the cleanest of the fossil fuels. It yields about 70% more energy for each unit then than coal. As you can expect, its share of the electric power generation market is likely to increase. Natural gas usage though does have its drawbacks. From a supply-side perspective, the available amount of natural gas is relatively small. Further, complicating this issue is the uneven geographic distribution. Further, if natural gas were to replace coal as the primary source of electrical production, the most recent estimates indicate that all sources would be depleted within 40 years. This would likely increase dependence on foreign suppliers. The implication here and is that the price of natural gas would become volatile and increase at a rate far exceeding that of coal or nuclear power. Not to be forgotten in this discussion of natural gas are the environmental factors related to its availability and consumption. The price of harnessing the natural gas is not inexpensive. Further, the cost of locating, capturing, storing, and distributing natural gas is also expensive. However, it stacks up favorably against both coal and is much less expensive than nuclear power. Let us also not forget that natural gas, composed primarily of methane, is a greenhouse gas. To avoid global warming, controls must be present to minimize the release of methane into the atmosphere. This too raises the price of natural gas. Governments have become increasingly involved in these most prevalent of energy options. Moreover, governments have become involved specifically in relation to the environmental aspects of energy production. In this, the government has taken a three-pronged approach. First, efficiency and environmental safety have risen to the fore as primary considerations for the future of energy policy. Governments have promoted and implemented policies to foster the use of cleaner burning, more efficient, and more environmentally safe energy sources. Often however these goals are in sharp contrast to the market forces of providing inexpensive and available energy sources. Second, policymakers have sought to equalize both the cost and demand side of the equation. This is most evident in the nuclear power supply and demand equation. The initial foray into nuclear power required governmental subsidies to assist in the construction of nuclear power plants. Further, governmental intervention demanded that societies use the sources. The current rate of federal energy subsidies is 59.8% for fossil fuels (coal and natural gas) and 28.7% for nuclear energy. The remaining paltry 11.5% is dispersed amongst the various other sources. This means government is still not inciting energy companies to research or implement new sources of energy. Finally, policymakers have begun to provide incentives for using alternative energy sources at the end-user (demand) point. This includes allowing the installation of small-scale energy efficient home heating units, hot water heaters, and hybrid and electric automobiles. Other options are available for large-scale technologies such as wind farms and solar panel arrays, but to a lesser extent. The practice of providing incentives presents particular problems. The most pressing problem is that the government or utility ratepayers still need to absorb some of the costs of capital. To counterbalance these problems, the promotion of more energy-efficient technologies and alternative energy sources must be specifically targeted and offer specific incentives to the end-user and producer alike. ___ ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABILITY U2L1 Issues with Natural Resources Conservation Part 1 Human populations can be strained when subject to environmental stresses such as the inadequate availability of water, land, and agriculture, as natural resources. The availability of these resources is essential for the maintenance of human existence. Problems with these natural resources should be anticipated and prevented as much as possible. This section examines how economic institutions have allocated these resources in the past and how they might improve their allocation in the future. Water resources As we have discussed in previous course work, water is essential for human life to replace the continual loss of bodily fluids and to maintain the food sources upon which we depend. The problem with the existing sources of potable water is the allocation of supplies to sustain a variety of competing users. An efficient allocation of water must strike a balance between the competing users and sustaining the year-to-year availability. The concept of supply and demand is integral to this discussion. There are two problems to be address, maintaining an adequate supply of water and managing the demand for that water. This is especially relevant to groundwater resources where, when withdrawals exceed recharge from a particular aquifer, the resource will be mined over time until water supplies are exhausted. The problem is further complicated where groundwater and surface water supplies are not physically separated. For example, groundwater withdrawals from a specific region, in many areas of the United States, immediately affect the surface water flows. This is an especially tricky issue when cross-state, or cross national, boundaries are put into play. Therefore, the hydrologic nature of the water source must be taken to consideration when designing a water allocation scheme. From our previous coursework, we have discussed the concept of riparian rights. This is where the right to use water is allocated to the owner of the land adjacent to that water. Yet with population growth and the consequent rise in demand for water resources, this allocation system becomes less appropriate. This situation creates demand for a change in the property rights structure from riparian rights to one that was more transferable. A new structure developed by the government was known as usufructory rights. In this, users are accorded a right to use a common source of water. The current situation for allocating the use of water resources is embedded in the state and federal governments role in the problem. Many problems are associated with this point. The first is the restriction of free market availability of this natural resource. Diminished transferability of the use of this water resource puts market pressures on different parts of the market and in different portions of the United States. Likewise, these regulations strongly discourage conservation. Moreover, the government established preferential use which brought about bureaucratic preferences for the use of the water. Further, damage caused by overuse is not addressed in this doctrine. Possible solutions to the allocation of water are as follows. Reduce the number of restrictions on water transfers between agriculture and other uses. The current use it or lose it component that a companys most preferential use discourages conservation. Implement the use of water markets and water banks. In this, water is allowed to move to its higher valued use and buyers and sellers are brought together to negotiate its value thereby encouraging conservation. Revising the value of water is a necessity for conservation. This recognizes the efficiency associated with subsidizing the consumption of a scarce resource. Further, revenues collected can be placed into a fund to mitigate environmental damages and to allow for construction of dams for storing water. Revising the value of water seasonally. This would allow for changes in severe drought conditions and to manage water usage during times of scarcity. This would require consumers to act differently during times of drought. Encouraging the use of desalinated water in areas where appropriate. Technological advances have reduced the price of desalinized water but growth in this market has not outpaced demand. There are a number of possible means of remedying the current water situation. These reforms would promote a more efficient use of water while affording more protection to the natural resource. It is clear that charging everyone the same rate irrespective of their consumption is a strategy that deserves more attention. Land Land is another natural resource that deserves specific attention. Land conservation has specific issues related to typography, location, and characteristics. Land is typically allocated based on its highest valued use. The problem is clear. Wilderness areas are subservient to agriculture, residential development, commercial use, etc. There are particular problems with our current use and allocation of land. Urban sprawl is when land use in a particular area is inefficiently dispersed. Another issue is leapfrogging where new development continues not on the very edge of current development but further out. Both bring particular problems with development. These include longer trips to work, home, or leisure activities. This brings about increased energy demand and increased opportunities for pollution. Incompatible land usage is another particular problem with our current use and allocation of land. As an example, the particular costs associated with land use may not accrue exclusively to the landowner. An example of this occurs to neighborhoods near landfills, toxic waste facilities, CAFOs, or large industrial complexes. Undervaluing environmental preservation is just another particular problem with our current use and allocation of land. As an example, if the owner of a large farm near a scenic preservation area, sells to a residential developer, the benefits of their large open space to wildlife, travelers, and leisure activities is not typically a basis for different decisions affecting its land use. A final issue is the confluence of taxes on land use relative to conservation. Typically, property taxes in the United States are imposed on land for its current market value. Environmental factors are not typically included in that valuation model. One way to deal with the many particular problems associated with the current use and allocation of land is to implement innovative market-based remedies. The first innovative remedy is the separation of property rights. A property rights system can mitigate or avoid the problems of overexploitation that can occur when land is merely allocated on a first-come, first-served basis or sold to the highest bidder. By establishing secure enforceable claims, the efficient transfer and maintenance of the valuable use of the property can be directly allocated. Another way is to establish transferable development rights (TDR). TDRs establish areas where development is prohibited and areas where development is encouraged. If done in the local level, communities will determine the best allocation and use of lands. Another way is the establishment of land banks. For example, wetlands banking is a means of promoting economic benefits of wetland preservation. These mitigation banks allow for the use of lands around wetlands, streams, or other aquatic resources to preserve, enhance, or replace sensitive wetland areas. A similar program is present for conservation banking. Safe harbor agreements are a new means of conserving endangered and threatened species on privately owned land. These provide for new restrictions of land based upon the threat to the endangered species. Grazing rights has also been away to deal with the problems associated for overgrazing on public lands. This too is a means of dealing with the particular problems associated with the use of grazing on federal lands, which has been allowed since 1934. Finally, conservation easements and land trusts are means by which legal agreements limit the use of land in order to protect its intrinsic value. This intrinsic value might be to preserve a surface water resource, scenic vistas, or to promote eco-tourism. Agriculture The efficient use of agricultural land is a requirement for sustenance around the globe. The problems associated with a lack of efficiency includes starvation, hunger, hunger related diseases, malnutrition, and a variety of ancillary adverse effects. As an example, cereal grain is the worlds cheapest supply of food and is a renewable resource if managed effectively. Further, this could be sustained as long as we receive energy from the sun. Yet the current agricultural practices are neither sustainable nor efficient. Further, the recent trend has been to increase the scale (size) of the average farm and a reduction in the overall number of farms thus raising questions of future sustainability. The problems intrinsic to this argument are as follows. While technological progress provides the main source of support for optimism, concerns are present regarding the ability of industrial nations to achieve productivity gains. This includes a declining share of land allocated to agricultural use, the rising cost of energy, and increased environmental costs (i.e.: overuse of fertilizer, deforestation, soil completion, soil erosion, etc.). An interesting twist in this argument is imbedded in the example of corn. While this is a relatively stable and useful food source, the expansion and the use of ethanol has decreased the amount of corn available for food. There are sources for optimism in this discussion. Technological advancements in genetics have produced food crops that are more resistant to diseases and pests, hardier crops capable of surviving in marginal soils, and increasing crop yields. In addition, the growth in organic food sources has minimized human disease after upta ke. The economic gains in past several decades have created depletion to our agricultural resources. The past role of government has been complicit in this debacle. Historically, governments have subsidized the use of fertilizers and pesticides, guaranteed prices for outputs, given marketing loans based on crop prices, and implemented trade barriers. Recently however, the role of government in implementing effective agricultural policies has been on the rise. Governments have begun to encourage sustainable agriculture. Further, they have required that farmers consider energy and environmental costs. Subsidies for some agriculture have been removed and replaced with subsidizing possible technological advancements. Conclusion As we have seen from the above, human populations can be strained when subject to environmental stresses such as the inadequate availability of water, land, and agriculture, as natural resources. The availability of these resources is essential for the maintenance of human existence. Problems with these natural resources must be managed. As regulators cope with the myriad of issues related to conservation, they must consider the advancement in technology and the maintenance of a sustainable supply of natural resources.

The Personal Impact of Corporate Downsizing Essay -- Business Manageme

The Personal Impact of Corporate Downsizing Demoralization is the result of a corporate downsizing and if not handled well by the officers of the corporation, the corporation can expect a decrease in; worker efficiency, production, teamwork, and cooperation. Adding to this and equally negative would be increases in; absenteeism, tardiness, mistakes and additional job loss. None of these create a positive work environment. Downsizing also places a large amount of stress on the individual's life outside the workplace as well. It is very difficult for the remaining employees to continue being productive for many reasons. These people that remain are now the same people responsible to improve the profitability of the organization. Left to work in an environment where an employee feels they have no control over their future, none the less their day to day employment status. They are asked to continue to work not knowing if they or one of their associates or colleagues will be in the next round of layoffs. They have to carry the guilt of being able to continue working while their friends and coworkers are now seeking employment elsewhere. This can have dramatic negative effect on teamwork and one can see a how a metaphor can be drawn between this and troops that go to war do not want to make friends with someone who may die the next day. In that the person you are working with may be the next one to suffer the consequences of downsizing. Beyond the stresses face...

Freedom in 17th century America

During the 17th century in North America there existed several classes of people. Each class had their own varying of freedom. During this period North America rapidly evolved from an experiment of sorts to a powerful colony with a multicultural immigrant base. As the colony evolved so did the social structures of its people. Whether it was with women, Indians, indentured servants, slaves, puritans or property owners each class had their own distinct version of freedom. The backbone behind the growth of the American Colony was the labor force, which was necessary to harvest such rich and large farms and plantations.During the 17th century this labor force primarily composed of indentured servants and slaves. Many Englishmen came to the new world as indentured servants on seven-year deals where they worked to gain their place and freedom. While under contract they were treated similar to slaves of the time. Like slaves they could be acquired or sold as well as punished corporally. It wasn’t until the latter 17th century when laws were put into place to differentiate between indentured servants and slaves. These distinctions were largely based on race.Though slavery wasn’t nearly as widespread as the next two centuries it still had no bearing on a slave’s life. Slaves of in North America lived with absolutely no freedom whatsoever. Indian and women were two of the other restricted classes within 17th century Indian society. This timeframe was absolutely catastrophic for Indians across the board. The introduction of disease by the European influx of settlers had an apocalyptic effect on the population of the Indians. Many tribes sustained losses as heavy as 90% of their populace.While most Indians have individual freedoms within their specific tribes, as a whole their lands were being stolen and their very survival was at stake. While women in the colony certainly did suffer as badly from disease, that doesn’t mean life was rosy either. Based on the English common law of coverture, women couldn’t even individually own property if married. Essentially anything women owned was actually owned by their husbands by right. Along with not having the right to property they also did not have a right to vote, and were expected to be obedient in a male driven society.On the other end of the freedom spectrum from the aforementioned lie the Puritans and Landowners. While women in puritan society had a similar role as describe above, the men were closer to actual freedom. The men in good standing with their society could do what he practically wanted within the bounds of the puritan norm. However they rather took to persecution within the ranks. The most famous example being the Salem Witch Trials and the circumstances that led to one of the earliest women’s religious leaders Anne Hutchinson. Landowners, when it comes to freedom in the 17th century had the direct opposite experience of slaves.They could vote, earn , and own property at will. Many of our nations forefathers are descendants of these early landowners. Contrary to popular belief even the wealthy ones were more likely to be a hard worker with long hours than British gentlemen that most would imagine. The melting pot that is now modern North America had its roots sown in the 17th century. There were a great many classes of people seeking a new beginning either by choice or need. Whether they were indentured servants, slaves, women, Indians, puritans, or landowners each class had different grades of freedom in their life.

Essay on ethics in early childhood research

Essay on ethics in early childhood research Essay on ethics in early childhood research Reflection Ethical issues arise in all aspects of research, and are particularly noticeable when studying vulnerable members of society such as children within the early years sector. Appendix one includes an action plan of points of ethics I will have to take action on when completing my future research. I have also identified and recognized different ways to overcome different areas of ethicality I may find difficult when completing my research. Appendix two includes the presentation we completed as a group. The focus of the presentation (appendix 2) we completed was to focus of the ethical issues that may arise in the scenario; role of outdoor play in a nursery, however although we completed this presentation we did not achieve the expected outcome. Working together as group during this presentation proved to be more challenging than expected, and this may be the reason as to why we did not complete the presentation as expected. It was challenging because as Burns et al (2008) identify some of the group member’s did not contribute and always the same people spoke within the group. To overcome this in future group work presentations all group members should contribute and to do this would mean assigning each group member with a different area to concentrate on. Another aspect of the presentation that could have been improved on was to add different formats of presentation styles for example using videos and more pictures within the presentation. This was something that was said in the peer feedback; â€Å"the presentation needed more visual things such as picture’s and videos†. One of the points that we did not mention within the presentation was receiving consent prior to beginning the study. Gaining consent is also a point mentioned within the action plan (appendix 1). Although children should be viewed as capable beings, with their own voice, which they should express, by law they are not legally competent to consent to participate in research. Despite this the medical research council (2004) state ‘where children and young people have sufficient understanding and intelligence to understand what is proposed, it is their consent and not that of their parent/guardian that is required by law’ (MRC 2004:22-23) and in relation to Article 12 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC, 1989) which state’s that children have a right to express their views on matters that have an affect on them. Therefore Children should be given the opportunity to provide assent to participate, meaning that they have a choice whether or not they want to participate in the research. With older children that have an understanding I will explain to them what I will be doing and why I am doing the research, I will be talking to the children one to one as oppose to as a group as some children may be led by other children’s views and may give consent because they friend did too. Gaining consent off younger children may be proven more difficult as I can not explain to them what I am going to do and receive verbal consent of them however I can use the Mosaic approach to listen to the child’s voice and it allows me to respect the child’s view in an empowering way (Clark and Moss, 2001). The mosaic approach allows me collate material by using different methods such as observations, listening and communicating with the children, to consider their views and identify whether they are giving assent to participation. Also with younger children the Leuven scale (1997, 1998, 1999, 2000) cited in Palaiolog ou (2012) can be used to focus on how engaged a child is within an activity using a scale of 1-5; 1 being unengaged and 5 being fully engaged. Consequently if a child is not showing any engagement within the activity then they are showing dissent and should not be used as part of research. The Leuven scale is also effective with young babies, so when I am doing my research this will be the main method I use when wanted to

Womens Changing Roles from 1865 - 1920

Womens Changing Roles from 1865 - 1920 The role women play in our society is an ever-changing one, from mother to lawyer and doctor and everywhere in between. With increasing demands on them to be the one to keep families grounded and together in a turbulent society that thinks none to highly of them or their rights as citizens. I chose to focus on womens changing roles during the time period from 1865 through 1920. The reason I chose this period in history was because this was a very turbulent time in history, due to the changing status of minorities in the culture at this time due to the end of the Civil War and the impending revolution for womens rights with the passage of the 19th amendment.Dating as far back as the early 1800's womens roles were being challenged and questioned, it was not so much the womens rights marches of the 60's but it was the beginning of that revolution.English: Postage stamp featuring Elizabeth Stanton...During the early part of the 19th century womens character was espoused with four basic a ttributes: piety, purity, submissiveness, and domesticity. Even foreign visitors to America during this period found fault in American males attitude towards women, they thought males treated women as inferiors and subjected women to double standards. "By marriage, the husband and wife are one person in law; that is, the very being and legal existence of the woman is suspended during marriage." This is according to a 1765 law established by Sir William Blackstone an English barrister, and American law followed this principle thereby the wife "belonged" to the husband.These were the times that women lived through and the conditions they lived with during the early part of the nineteenth century. At the end of the Civil War and throughout the Reconstruction, America began to feel the beginnings of...

Communication Strategy of Dahon Folding Bikes Essay

Communication Strategy of Dahon Folding Bikes - Essay Example According to the research findings, it can, therefore, be said that for 25 years now, Dahon Folding Bikes has worked on producing foldable bikes that fit the lifestyles of its target market, giving premium to giving its customers with the freedom to move around with their easy-to-carry bicycle units. It also puts emphasis on being able to contribute to a cleaner environment by producing transportation facilities that do not emit gas, and therefore, do not contribute to pollution. 25 years after it was first established, Dahon continues with its aim to penetrate its target market by creating innovations in their product lines. Dahon’s commitment is to develop new-patented technologies at 20 per year and looks at the improvement of its bikes by at least 15% every year. It further renews its commitment to giving back to the community by supporting various projects that tackle environmental concerns and is even involved in other causes. Now, with Bicycle Industry’s continuo us evolution, and the competition among the approximately 2,000 companies that manufacture and distribute bikes in the US and from the estimate of 100 different bicycle brands, Dahon seeks to strengthen its communications strategy to fully achieve the potential of penetrating the target market. It aims to reach more people by creating a good Communications Campaign that would mark its 25th year in the industry and seal its position as the brand of choice. Dahon appeals to a wide range of market segments due to its utility value and market positioning. Its primary are the members of Generation 0, a young market group who gives high value to the benefits that a product gives them. To penetrate this market segment, it will capitalize on Dahon’s philosophy, which is Personal Mobility. The phrase says it all. The products will give the target market with the independence to move around in the most convenient way possible. Main Marketing tools would be interesting leaflets and broc hures that list down and define the various uses of Dahon Bikes. The company should spend an approximate of $ 200,000 for the production and design of sales materials. This is the primary priority of Dahon Bike Company.

WGST 400 Assignment 4 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

WGST 400 Assignment 4 - Research Paper Example of both self-emancipation and social emancipation.1 In England, the term was first employed in the1890s during women’s campaign for individual rights and the claim to citizenship, especially the right to vote. The campaign for suffrage challenged the denial of autonomy to women as citizens and feminists of the period stood for women’s right to ‘a democratic political voice and a social right to resources.’2 However, the meanings of feminism in England extended beyond the campaign for suffrage and encompass such aspects as the segregation and stigmatization of women’s gender roles, celebration of women’s uniqueness and differences, socio-economic and cultural issues of women, equal rights for women, education disparities of women, equality of opportunities and equal wages, antimilitarism and pacific movements, women emancipation movements, and so on. It is worthwhile to analyze the historical growth and development of feminist movements in Great Britain. Organized feminist movements in England can broadly be categorised into two phases-the first wave feminism and the second wave feminism. The first wave feminism consists of feminist movements in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, covering the campaign for suffrage as well as feminist experiences during and after the First and Second World Wars. The second-wave feminism covers feminist initiatives beginning from the mid-or late 1960s and extends itself to modern radical feminism. The nineteenth-century intellectual and economic developments, specifically liberalism and the industrial revolution, paved the way for the first wave feminism.3 While liberalism triggered the growth of liberal feminism the industrial revolution offered middle class women a unique opportunity to work out of home and earn money. Similarly, the theory of relative status deprivation has been part ly responsible for the rise of feminism as women strongly felt that they are negated of adequate opportunities whereas their

International Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words - 1

International Business - Essay Example Our baby foods will include fruits, vegetables, meat, chicken and rice. They would all be full of nutrition and will fulfill baby’s body growth needs. The company will have 3 main units; the baby food unit, clinical nutrition department and the research and development department. They all will work simultaneously analyzing the market needs and improving the product. European Union; which is the union comprised of 27 member states of Europe has set rules and policies for the business which have to be adhered by the company. The company has devised few strategies which would help it in the stage of final implementation of the project. The company’s aim is to manufacture and sell the baby food for the baby’s from age 4 months to 2 years. Our intention is to produce premium quality food which fulfills the hygienic standards and is full of nutrition’s for the baby, keeping in mind his growing needs. It will be a new experience for the company to enter into a new market, thus realizing its needs it has signed partnership agreement with local manufacturers Mr. Z and Mrs. Z who will help in implementing appropriate strategies, plans and provide necessary knowhow to the company about the local market. The profits will be shared in the ratio of 20:80, 20 % to Mr. and Mrs. Z and 80% to the company. Furthermore the company will finance the projects and Mr. and Mrs. Z will aid in selling the products to local retailers. The company will require setting up its factories in Europe in order to manufacture baby food, thus it has decided to enter Europe in 2 countries; United Kingdom and Spain. It has planned to establish its factories in London and Madrid respectively. As being capitals these two places are easily accessible with transport facilities and there is ease of goods availability. In addition they are busy cities and will attract

Causes of Air Pollution Essay Example for Free

Causes of Air Pollution Essay There are several main causes of air pollution, the vast majority of them can be attributed to man. Some natural sources of air pollution include forest fires, dust storms, and volcanic eruptions. Plants such as ragweed contaminate the air with pollen. Decaying leaves and other forms of vegetation release gases that contribute to air pollution and cause haze. (Morgan) Air pollution is the introduction into the atmosphere of chemicals, particulates, and biological matter that cause harm to humans, other living organisms, or cause damage to the natural environment. Stratospheric ozone depletion (contributed to air pollution) has long been recognized as a threat to human health as well as to the Earth’s ecosystems. The Earth is capable of cleaning itself of a certain level of pollution, but man-made pollutant have become too numerous for the Earth’s natural mechanisms to remove. We are seeing the results of this overload in the form of acid rain, smog, and the variety of health problems that can be contributed to our environment. (Godish) One of the main causes of air pollution is manufacturing. This source of pollution spews particulate matter and chemicals into the atmosphere. The exhaust from a factory includes, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and dioxide, as well as volatile organic compounds and particulates. There is not an area of the Earth’s atmosphere or an ecosystem that has not been altered by the long term effects of the pollution created by manufacturing. Strides have been made to filter the material coming from manufacturing plants, but it may take the Earth millennia to completely recover from the damage already done. (universe) A surprisingly link may exist between ocean fertility and air pollution over land, according to Georgia Institute of Technology research reported in the Feb. 16 issue of the Journal of Geophysical Research – Atmospheres. The work provides new insight into the role that ocean fertility plays in the complex cycle involving carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in global warming. (Cain) Finally, the burning of fossil fuels is a part of everyday life of every human on the planet. We burn fossil fuels in our cars, fossil fuel is burned to extract fossil fuel from the Earth, and fossil fuel is used to process fossil fuel into its individual components. Every step of the way releases sulfur and nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, heavy metals and particulates into the air. Each step in the process increases the number of asthma cases in the world, raises a person’s chance of having cancer, and increases the chance that your child will be born with congenital defects. (Turco) References Cain, Fraser. (2005). Air Pollution Linked to Growth of Life in Oceans. Retrieved from http://www.universetoday.com/10263/air-pollution-linked-to-gr Godish, Thad. 1997. Air Quality, 3rd ed. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, Fl. Morgan, M. T. (2003). Environmental Health, (3rd ed.). Belmont: CA: Wadsworth Turco, Richard P. 2001. Earth Under Siege: From Air Pollution to Global Change, 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, New York.

An Inspector Calls - Synopsis Essay -- English Literature

An Inspector Calls - Synopsis It's a comfortable night in springtime and the Birling Family and Mr.Croft are celebrating the engagement on their daughter Sheila to Mr.Croft. Its all going so well the whole family are wallowing in their self pride. There is a knock an the door, an inspector calls. As the inspector starts to break down the party, we start to understand more to the story. The inspector tells the group that there has recently been a suicide; by a girl name Eva Smith. He explains to the group how together it was of their doings that forced this girl to commit suicide. Mr Birling, a prosperous manufacturer employed Eva Smith at his factory. While working at his factory Eva Smith started a strike asking for higher pay rise which resulted in her sack. She managed to get a new job in a shop that was very popular among the Birling family. Sheila being the stuck up child that she is was shopping in there one day when she was trying on a certain garment and believed this Eva Smith was smirking at her. She complained to the shop resulting in Eva's second sa...

Race and Racial Group Essay

Search the Internet for groups and organizations promoting racial equality to help you complete this assignment. You may also refer to the Internet Resource Directory in Ch. 13 of Racial and Ethnic Groups. Using the information from the text and your web search: Identify one racial group from the list below:  · Hispanic American/Latino Write a 500- to 750-word paper from one of the perspectives below:  · A historian writing about the racial group in a book chapter  · A news reporter writing a newspaper article or blog entry about the racial group  · An individual member of the racial group, writing a personal letter to a friend who is not a member of that racial group Answer the following questions:  · What have been the experiences of this racial group throughout U.S. history?  · What have been the political, social, and cultural issues and concerns throughout American history?  · What legislation meant to constrain race within prejudicial boundaries was enacted? How did the various groups you researched fight this legislation? What legislation meant to alleviate prejudicial boundaries has been enacted? How did the various groups you researched promote this legislation? Assignment: Historical Report on Race Purpose of Assignment Students explore a variety of resources on racial equality and write a paper from a historical perspective relating to the experiences of a particular racial group in the United States. By understanding the history of experiences of various groups, students will be better prepared to connect historical experience to racial diversity today. Resource Required Internet Resource Directory in Ch. 13 of Racial and Ethnic Groups

Lincoln Electric expansion to India Essay

Market entry strategy involves the essential requirement for a company to get into international level. The need of involving other companies whereby two companies join together is referred to as joint venture entry. They get into a similar market and make the same production with the aim of sharing risk and at the same time they share the profit according to their terms of agreement (Kretzberg, 2007). Therefore, Lincoln Electric Company has a chance to join with other company to venture in the Indian market. Through the joint venture strategy in Indian market, Lincoln Electric has a chance of attracting wider market share in the region. The major consideration is done through extensive study of the market situation through various considerations. Market environment has a wide consideration depending on the factors such as political, social and economic integration. The basic considerations that Lincoln Company has to consider are directed in achievement in the market increase (Hastings, 1995). Concerning the Indian market structure, introduction of welding company is essential in reference to the technological improvement. The factors concerning the technology in the region, it covers the different aspects especially in developing market. While considering joint venture strategy in international market, the major considerations are made depending on business environment. This involves political, economic and social culture of the region. External environment Political status of the region helps in decision making regarding international marketing and business establishment. The major factors are on the risks that are involved while setting the business and the response from the market. The references are done in respect to the intention of the company and the level of investment (North & Trabajo, 1997). Lincoln Electric has a high chance of introducing its operation at Indian industries due to stability in the political field. The issues regarding the political  situation in India are attractive to the investors. There is no major threat regarding the Lincoln Electric company investing in the region. The Lincoln Electric company has to take advantages of the political situation in India. The Indian government offers full support in the provision of security and ensuring investments are safeguarded. On international investors, the government acknowledges their participation in the provision of employment in the region (Theobald, 2008). Therefore, they take high initiative in protecting the companies through different acts regarding business and industries. The political will in Indian government in upholding the foreign companies ensures development throughout. Therefore, political stability of the country has a major effect on the business setting and its operation. Economics background India has a promising economic situation whereby investors consider it as a strong initiative leading to prosperity. Lincoln Electric Company has to consider long term condition regarding the market and economy of the region. The basis of market and competition helps in introducing appropriate measures regarding the future of the Lincoln Electric company. The management has chosen appropriately the markets that have a promising future and having the market structure that have the capability of improvement (Majumdar & Saad, 2005). The competitions in the region are based on the development capacity. Lincoln Electric Company deals with the electrical materials and hence taking advantage of Indian market. Through the technological improvement in the region, the Lincoln Electric company has the chances of improving the production. The major aim is connected to market share increase through innovative strategies in technology. India is a superior country that the company ought to invest in since it has a wider market that requires the electrical materials. Few industries in the country provide the required electrical materials. Hence, it would be vital for the Lincoln Electric Company to expand its operations in this country. Huge profits will result from the company expanding its operations to India. The average sale of the company’s products will improve; it will hence be able to produce more products for the India market (Fratianni, 2006). Different tools can be used to analyze the expansion of this company in India. The expansion of the company will have different inferences; the company may get  high level of profits or get losses. Profits can use as a good measure of the company’s expansion in a certain region. The success of the company is normally measured by the level of profits that it generates by involving itself in a certain venture. In this case this company is completing whet her to enter the India market or not. It is recommendable for the company to enter India market since there is high demand for its products in the country (Hafford-Letchfield, 2010). Though its products received mixed reactions from China and Japan, the company can take encouragement from the fact that the Indian market did not compose of many electrical companies like in the case of china and Japan. The degree of competition in India is low while the demand is high. Applying the law of demand and supply, entry to the Indian market will signify an increase in the profits of the company (Kuada, 2008). The demand for its products would be in the rise in this country. The performance of the welding materials in Asia countries for the country in the early years was not as expected for the country. There were mixed reactions for its products across the consumers. The reactions arose from trade restrictions that were imposed by the governments. Companies were to produce consumer products at low cost, and hence they would be provided to the consumers at low costs. This then gives the company a hectic decision, and they have to resolve to enter the market of not (Combe, 2006, p. 108). If the company enters this market, it can expect anything to happen, it may either get improved profits or in turn it would get losses. The companies to India would imply that the company will increase its market share across different regions in India. It would then be possible to market itself to the locals by having its local company. The company’s improved sales would also imply that the company would be able to compete with other multinational companies that deal in the manufacture of welding and electrical products. India is among the growing countries, and attributed by the country’s GDP growth is high. The market is important, and its annual GDP is relatively high that of Latin countries combined together. India is projected to be an economic powerhouse in the next coming years (Kretzberg, 2007). This implies that the country is doing well economically, and it is, therefore, vital for the Lincoln Company to join the Indian market. The company need o considerate some vital aspect before it have resolved on expanding to the Indian market. It should  carefully analyze the market situation in the country (Chadwick, 2002). This helps the company to analyze the competitors of its products. Competitors are vital; the company should be more realistic and come up with strategies that would help it deal with competition. Strategy that the company should use to enter the Indian market (joint venture) Joint venture is essential for the Lincoln Electric company entering new market; it can enter the market on different grounds. The Indian welding market is made of three large competitors and small companies that sell their products at low discount (McClave & Benson, 1988). Considering the performance of the three companies in this market, the level of competition is high. The entry of Lincoln Company would hence impact the market, and high level of compilation would be witnessed. Since the Lincoln Company is well-establis hed company with different multinational companies in different countries, it should then stand on its own and provide its products to this market. As noted from the provided context different companies that tried to enter the market by either merging or acquisition found it rough to make it in the market (Miles, 2014, p. 153). Since the company is well financially grounded and wants to establish itself as a global, multinational, it should then make all the necessary structures required to enter this market. All the basic installation needed should be adopted by the company so that it can be in a position to compete with other companies in the market The company should establish itself on its own since it would signify an element of intent that would increase competition with its rivals (Tsoukas & Chia, 2011, p. 421). The company is also in a position to expand its production capacity when it has formed the company on its own. It would not be tired to commitments resulting from companies merging. The joint venture is a strategic entry of this company should be based on the formation of a new company that would use different inp uts in the production of its product. This strategy is important since- as noted in the China case the company should form the establish itself on its own since legal issues might arise in the case that the company enters the market in partnership with other companies. Partnership would restrict the growth of the firm, and there would be a dispute in profits sharing. It was also noted that the right decisions could not be made in the right time, and it took time while making decisions affecting the company. Due to the increase in the demand welding materials  in South Korea the company’s distributor could not cater for the requirements needed by the shipping companies. The Company could have catered for the demand if it had established its own company dealing in the production of welding materials. This then forms the base for the company to establish its plant in demand so as to cater for the future changes in demand (Tompkins, 2005). This is possible in the case that the company is able to adopt new technology in manufacturing its products. Lincoln could not cater for the demand of his products across South Korea since his was not involved in the manufacture of the materials while in South Korea. In Japan, the company production was limited; the company did not have any market link and hence was not involved in the final market demand of the products. The company faced many challenges while in its operation like the poor power supply. The power system was impaired hence the company could not function to optimality (Robert French & Vince, 1999). The company should have entered the Japan market with all the necessary machines that are needed to produce its product hence it would be in a position to compete with the other competitors in this region. It is hence ideal for a company to enter the Indian market on it owns since it would cope with all the challenges without delaying its production. Entering the market in any other form would imply that the company would not be to handle the pressure that results from competitors (Daft, 2001, p. 212). The Indian market is demands welding materials hence the company should establish a renowned plant to help in the manufacture of its products. Challenges faced by adopting this approach It is hard for the company to establish itself with the other competitors in India. The Indian market is made of different companies that deal in the production of welding materials. Establishing its products requires the company to use advanced marketing strategies that would outdo the competitors. Conclusion The company needs to apply strategic management rules, which would help it establish its strength and weakness. This approach requires the company to sets its goals and objectives that would help it to identify the risks that are associated with its operations. The company should keenly analyze the  key aspects that might hinder its operations, and the factors might be internal or the external factors. Analyzing the situations would help it to gather momentum, and, hence, would cope with competition from rivals. The company might find it hard to make in the market since some of the consumers would not regard its products. Another challenge, which the company would face, is a huge capital outlay that it requires to establish itself. Since the company is establishing a new plant, it would need a lot of money to make the structures and buy equipments. The legal process needed to establish the plant may be cumbersome; hence the firm may take time to start its operations in the country. Some government procedures required to establish the company may take time before they are provided by the government, these are like the licenses needed to establish the company. References CHADWICK, R. ( 2002). Business and economics. London: Routledge. COMBE, C. ( 2006). Introduction to e-business : management and strategy. Amsterdam ; Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann. DAFT, R. L. ( 2001). Organization theory and design. Cincinnati, Ohio: South-Western College Pub. FRATIANNI, M. (2006). Regional economic integration. Amsterdam ; Boston : Elsevier JAI. HAFFORD-LETCHFIELD, T. (2010). Social care management, strategy and business planning. London ; Philadelphia: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. HASTINGS, D. F. (1995). The Lincoln Electric Company: the actual is limited– the possible is immense. New York, Newcomen Society of the United States. KRETZBERG, A. (2007). Market entry strategies for emerging economies. Frankfurt am Main, Peter Lang KUADA, J. (2008). International market analysis theories and methods. Adonis and Abbey. MAJUMDAR, M. A., & SAAD, M. (2005). Transition and development in Algeria : economic, social and cultural challenges. Bristol: Intellect. MCCLAVE, J. T., & BENSON, P. G. (1988). Statistics for business and economics. San Francisco: Dellen Pub. Co. MILES, J. A. ( 2014). New directions in management and organization theory. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. NORTH, K., & TRABAJO., O. I. (1997). Environmental business management : an introduction. Geneva: International Labour Office. ROBERT FRENCH, M., & VINCE, R. ( 1999). Group relations, management, and organization. New York: Oxford University Press. THEOBALD, R. H. (2008). Environmental management. New York: Nova Science Publishers. TOMPKINS, J. (2005). Organization theory and public management. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. TSOUKAS, H., & CHIA, R. C. ( 2011). Philosophy and organization theory. Bingley, UK: Emerald.

Do videogames contribute to gun violence Essay Example

Do videogames contribute to gun violence Essay Example Do videogames contribute to gun violence Essay Do videogames contribute to gun violence Essay Do videogames contribute to gun violence? In modern society, many people like to play video games. Some people even become addicted to it. They dont go to work, and they Just play video games all day. I think video games are good for killing time and entertainment, but we shouldnt play too much. Playing video games does not help people for anything. Many people also think that playing violent video games would make people become violent. According to a survey, a whopping 75% of polled parents think violent video games contribute to violence. In my opinion, I think video games do contribute to gun violence. First, some people are too addicted to violence video games, and they cant differentiate the real world and the virtual world. They think people could resurrect in the real world like the characters in video games, or they might kill people in the reality and think they are still playing video games. As COuellet says, The isolated realities that enter a persons subconscious and mind through repetitive viewing or participation in violent video games can easily translate to acts of violence in real life(COuellet). I think this is very likely to happen when a person plays video games for many days without etting enough sleep. Secondly, some people especially children would simulate the scenes that they think is interesting in video games, or they might simulate the characters in video games. Children often have a strong curiosity, and they often dont know what is right or wrong, so they might do the things that are from video games. Children are more likely to simulate things from video games according to the web, mfoung children are more likely to confuse fantasy violence with real world violence, and without a framework for ethical decision making, they may mimic the ctions they see in violent video games(ProCon. org). In addition, the people, who use guns to shoot other people in the real world, they all play violent video games. There is something terrible that happened in 1999. The students Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris opened fire in their Colorado high school. They shot 20 people, and 13 of them were dead. According to the media, The media revealed that Harris and Klebold played a lot of violent video games, including Wolfenstein 3D, Doom, and Mortal Kombat. 0ulia Layton). When people play a lot of violence video games, and they kill lot of people in the games, they think it is not serious to kill people. It would be very terrible if they get used to it. Finally, video games often reward players for simulating violence. Players would get reward from killing in video games instead of punishing them. This would encourage people to be violence. Moreover, violent video games teach children that violence is an acceptable way to solve problems. A study from 2009 found that children who play violent video games have lower belief in the use of nonviolent strategies and are less forgiving than players of nonviolent video games. According to a web, Critics argue that these games desensitize players to violence, reward players for simulating violence, and teach children that violence is an acceptable way to resolve conflicts(ProCon. org). In conclusion, I think playing violence video games would make people become violence. First, some people cant differentiate the real world and the virtual world. They think people in the real world could resurrect like in video games. Secondly, children often have a strong curiosity, so tney mlgnt simulate tne scenes tnat make tnem Teel Interested. In aaaltlon e people, who use guns to shoot other people in the real world, they all play violent video games. Finally, video games reward players when they do killing in video games instead of punishment. Besides, video games teach children that violence is an acceptable way to solve problems. COuellet. Does violence in video games contribute to real life violence? Helium. Web. 13 June. 2008. Do violent video games contribute to youth violence? ProCon. org. Web. Layton Julia. Do violent video games lead to real violence? HowStuffWorks. Web.

Unemployment and Youth of Pakistan Essay Example

Unemployment and Youth of Pakistan Essay Example Unemployment and Youth of Pakistan Essay Unemployment and Youth of Pakistan Essay The problem of unemployment has all along been existed in Pakistan since its inception. It has occupied a centre in the country therefore, Pakistans new generations suffers from this problem a lot. Causes behind the unemployment of youth. 1-there are no vacancies for youth in the market, it is already saturated. 2- Population explosion. 3-Education system is backward so that youth are not fully prepared to come to the market demands. 4-Fiscal deficit in budget has detracted the ratio of the unemployment. 5- Lack of industrialization. Favoritism in politics. 7- Copy culture. 8- Interruption of political parties in educational institutions. 9- Weak economic plan and management. Effects of unemployment on youths of Pakistan. a-The youths are inclined to various social evils and diseases and even certain commit suicide. b- Pressure groups take place in the country. c- Ratio of criminality is on the increase among the youth. d- Street killing, kidnapping, robbery, raise its head in the c ommunity. e- Youth fall a pray to undesirable activities like smuggling, sale of heroin etc. Social disorder is on the increase in the society. g- Loss of national talent on which hope of family and future of Pakistan depends mainly. Suggestive measures: 1-Educational system should be strong. We should seek the light from the model of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan. 2-Copy culture should be brought to an end and merit based culture should be developed. 3-Industrial sector should be encouraged. 4-Politiacal parties should be excommunicated from the educational institutions. Conclusion: Unemployment is an alarming tone for the survival of the country. Solution to this problem is a must to wriggle the new generation out of the sense of deprivation. The problem of unemployment has all along been existing in Pakistan society since its birth. It has occupied a central place in the country. Therefore, its new generation suffers from this problem a lot. It has made youths weak mentally and psychologically. It has brought about a great mental disorder and unrest among the country youths. This has made their lives worsen and national talent useless. The unemployed young men go too frequently far the limits to earn their livelihood. They fall a prey to criminality. For certain wealth, they can kidnap and commit murder of an innocent one. Moreover, there is a sever type of competition in the open market. Those who are well competent and active enough stand a great chance of selection. However, clever and broad minded youth are very few and far between. The market is already full and there is hardly any need for more workers. Besides, educational system is not up to the standard than expected ever. The youth of the hour is not well prepared in the educational institutions as well as the country market demands. This is the reason that the problem of unemployment is still unaddressed and new generation is under its debris. Therefore, educational institutions must be strengthened and made better than ever before. This being so, copy culture must be abolished from the institutions. Later on the youths will be better prepared to serve the country whole hog. To begin with, due to rapid population growth, all the professions are already saturated so that there is no any need of further employees. On the other hand, education of the country is not up to the required standards. It is backward and deficit so that the youths are not trained full well to come to the market demands. A graduate young is hardly accepted in any field. He is artless to the great extent and having no ability to work or serve in any profession at the present in the country. The on going educational system is divided in such a way that it creates classes between the people in accordance with the college and university they attend, on the other hand majority of the colleges and universities are infested with political parties. All of that creates confusion, rifts and tumbles between the students. The members of political parties are often found in undesirable, criminal activities in educational institutions. The real purpose of education remains unaddressed. Therefore, after getting degrees, they lag behind; only degrees are in their hand but not any ability. They depend on the degree focused education. This is the reason they remain unemployed. Given the facts above, copy culture specially practiced in Sindh and Balochistan has reduced education to an empty show and of no account. Further more, fiscal deficit in budget has detracted the ratio of employment and has made educational system weak or emaciated. The educational system is in shambles and hardly any budget is provided to reform system. The budget of this year has promised no better for Pakistani people. It has rather made them worried, only ten percent is given to amend education while fifty percent to defense. What a foolish practice it is! The root of the country problem is lack of education leading to lack of opportunities for employment which in turn gives rise to criminal and terrorist activities among the youth of the nation. Besides it, the percentage of employment varies according to industrial development of the country. Pakistan, however, is a backward country in industrial sphere. Government has not given any priority to promote industrialization in the country, lack of industrialization deprives the youths from employment. Last but not the least, favoritism in politics and lack of plan and management has also given birth to a puzzling condition in this regard. The favoritism in politics has created environment of self- aggrandizement so that every one is shackled with his own interests to a great extent. Every body chooses or supports and seconds the party members of its own for certain posts. That is why a poor even talented candidate faces joblessness. Moreover, lack of planned management for the future has been paving the way for the economic scrambles in the country so that the problem of employment is still unresolved satisfactorily. In this way, the first and foremost negative effect of unemployment is that it creates frustration among the youths. Lack of employment put a wide spread effect on them and various social evils and diseases take place among them. In the sequel, they pose a great threat to law and order of the nation so far. Even certain commit suicide in various cases it has been witnessed, while others fall in the lapse of criminality and hooliganism. Sinful and undesirable activities are, therefore, on the rise in the society. This not only mars the rhythm of national progress but also puts the coming future of nation on insecurity. In short, a country can not make head way whose new generation is unemployed, impoverished, backward and benighted. Therefore, the vistas of progress have got blurred and confused. Similarly, in the countries where talent is used in an apt way, they have established their supremacy in the comity of nations. The case of Japan is to learn from, which is known as Scientific and Economic Giant. However, unfortunately that new talent in Pakistan is made useless. Lack of opportunities has made the lives of the youths insipid and rather humdrum. Thus, national talent is of no use on which hope of the family and the future of the Pakistan rest on. In this wise, education is key to change and progress, both change and progress go hand in hand, no change no progress. Therefore, educational system should be stabilized and changed to prepare the youths according to the true values of life and especially the market demands. The liberal education in Pakistan should be provided to majority but not to the minority at door steps. We should seek the light from the model of SIR SYED AHMED KHAN. System should be reoriented to suit the needs of the developing country by making the standard courses. All the youth belonging to elites or non elites ought to be prepared in government colleges and universities that will lead the system to reform. Besides, copy culture ought to be put an end to by promoting merit culture in the country as possible. When copy culture is uprooted the true education would be supplied from topmost corner to the bottommost corner of the country. This being so, political parities should be excommunicated from the colleges and universities by creating peaceful environment for the students. Moreover, industrialization should be developed in the country that would lead to employment opportunities for the youth by contributing stability to the country. Pakistan is a poor country in regard of industrialization, therefore, there should be given top priority and upper hand to the boost of the industrialization. Finally, Quid e Azam Mohammad Ali jinnah, the father of the nation, called the youth and the students as the arsenal of muslim India. Hence, available youths activities and energies should be directed in a useful channel for the nations prosperity. Unemployment is an alarming tone for the survival of the country, solution to this problem is a must to wriggle the new generation out of the sense of deprivation.

How the 1947 Truman Doctrine Contained Communism

How the 1947 Truman Doctrine Contained Communism When President Harry S. Truman issued what came to be known as the Truman Doctrine in March 1947, he was outlining the basic foreign policy that the United States would use against the Soviet Union and Communism for the next 44 years. The doctrine, which had both economic and military elements, pledged support for countries attempting to hold back Soviet-style revolutionary Communism. It symbolized the United States post-World War II global leadership role. Countering Communism in Greece Truman formulated the doctrine in response to the Greek Civil War, which itself was an extension of World War II. German troops had occupied Greece since April 1941, but as the war progressed, Communist insurgents known as the National Liberation Front (or EAM/ELAS) challenged Nazi control. In October 1944, with Germany losing the war on both the western and eastern fronts, Nazi troops abandoned Greece. Soviet General Secretary Josef Stalin supported the EAM/LEAM, but he ordered them to stand down and let British troops take over Greek occupation to avoid irritating his British and American wartime allies. World War II had destroyed Greeces economy and infrastructure and created a political vacuum that Communists sought to fill. By late 1946, EAM/ELAM fighters, now backed by Yugoslav Communist leader Josip Broz Tito (who was no Stalinist puppet), forced war-weary England to commit as many as 40,000 troops to Greece to ensure it did not fall to Communism. Great Britain, however, was also financially strapped from World War II, and on February 21, 1947, it informed the United States that it was no longer able to financially sustain its operations in Greece. If the United States wanted to halt the spread of Communism into Greece, it would have to do so itself. Containment Halting the spread of Communism had, in fact, become the United States basic foreign policy. In 1946, American diplomat George Kennan, who was minister-counselor and chargà © daffaires at the American Embassy in Moscow, suggested that the United States could hold Communism at its 1945 boundaries with what he described as a patient and long-term containment of the Soviet system. While Kennan would later disagree with some elements of American implementation of his theory (such as involvement in Vietnam), containment became the basis of American foreign policy with Communist nations for the next four decades. The Doctrine to Stop Communism On March 12, Truman unveiled the Truman Doctrine in an address to the United States Congress. It must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressure, Truman said. He asked Congress for $400 million in aid for Greek anti-communist forces, as well as for the defense of Turkey, which the Soviet Union was pressuring to allow joint control of the Dardanelles. In April 1948, Congress passed the Economic Cooperation Act, better known as the Marshall Plan. The plan was the economic arm of the Truman Doctrine. Named for Secretary of State George C. Marshall (who had been United States Army chief of staff during the war), the plan offered money to war-torn areas for the rebuilding of cities and their infrastructures. American policy-makers recognized that, without quick rebuilding of war damage, countries across Europe were likely to  turn to Communism.